REPORTED SPEECH

1. DIRECT SPEECH

e.g.:

- Serli says Budi, “ I go to school by bicycle”.

- Nia said Mommy, “I am hungry”.

2. INDIRECT SPEECH

e.g.:

- Serli says Budi that she goes to school by bicycle.

- Nia said Mommy that she was hungry.

3. HOW TO CHANGE DIRECT SPEECH TO INDIRECT SPEECH

a. Tenses

Based on the background

- Background say(s), ask(s), tell(s), maka tenses tidak berubah.

1. Simple Present tetap Simple Present

e.g.:

I tell Rara, “ I go to Solo by train”. >> I tell Rara that I go to Solo by train.

2. Simple Past tetap Simple Past

e.g.:

I tell Dea, “ I went to Solo” >> I tell Dea that I went to Solo.

- Background told, asked, said, ordered, maka tenses berubah.

1. Simple Present menjadi Simple Past (S+V2 / S+was/were+N/Adj)

e.g:

Nina told Friska, “I go to Bandung by Bus”. >> Nina told Friska that She went to Bandung by

bus.

2. Simple Present Perfect menjadi Simple Past Perfect (S+had+V3)

3. Simple Past menjadi Simple Past Perfect (S+had+V3)

4. Simple Present Continous menjadi Simple Past Continous (S+was/were+Ving)

5. Simple Present Future menjadi Simple Past Future (S+would+V1)

6. Present Modal menjadi Past Modal (S+would/could/might/had/must+V1)

b. Adverb of Time

(Direct) > (Indirect)

- Now > then

- Yesterday > The day before

- Tommorow > The next day / The following day

- Last Night > The night before

- Here > There

- There > Here

- This/that > that/those

c. Pronoun

Direct) > (Indirect)

- You > I

- I > She/He

(it depends on the center)

d. Rules

1. Jika Direct Speech kalimat pernyataan (statement), maka pengubahan ke Indirect Speech

menggunakan kata hubung “that”

e.g.:

I tell Rara, “ I go to Solo by train”. >> I tell Rara that I go to Solo by train.

I tell Dea, “ I went to Solo” >> I tell Dea that I went to Solo

2. Jika Direct Speech kalimat tanya Yes/No Questions (take/modal/aux) , maka pengubahan ke Indirect

Speech menggunakan kata hubung “if/whether”

e.g.:

My father asked Tia, “Did you buy a new car last month?”

>> My father asked Tia if She had bought a new car the month before.

3. Jika Direct Speech kalimat tanya 5W 1H , maka pengubahan ke Indirect Speech menggunakan kata

tanya sebagai penghubungnya.

e.g.:

Shinta asked , “Why do you come here?”

>> My father asked Why I came there

4. Jika Direct Speech kalimat perintah (command) , maka pengubahan ke Indirect Speech menggunakan

kata hubung “to“. Tenses tidak berubah meskipun background told, asked, said, ordered

e.g.:

My father told Mita, “Open the door, please!”

>> My father told Mita to Open that door

5. Jika Direct Speech kalimat larangan (prohibjtion) , maka pengubahan ke Indirect Speech

menggunakan kata hubung “not to“. Tenses tidak berubah meskipun background told, asked, said,

ordered

e.g.:

Ita told Bima, “Don’t touch me!”

>> Ita told Bima not to touch her