Invinitives (to+...)

 

Pengertian:

An infinitive adalah bentuk dasar dari kata kerja yang biasanya diawali dengan kata "to". Infinitive dapat digunakan sebagai subjek, objek, pelengkap, atau modifikator dalam sebuah kalimat. Infinitive memiliki bentuk yang tetap tanpa perubahan, yaitu to + kata kerja dasar (verb 1).

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Ciri-ciri Infinitives:

1. Diawali dengan "to" diikuti oleh kata kerja dasar.
2. Tidak berubah bentuk meskipun subjek atau tense-nya berubah.
3. Digunakan untuk mengekspresikan tujuan, niat, atau fungsi suatu tindakan.
4. Berfungsi sebagai subjek, objek, pelengkap, atau setelah adjektiva.

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Penggunaan Infinitives:

1. Sebagai Subjek
   Infinitive dapat digunakan sebagai subjek dalam kalimat.

   • Contoh:
     To learn English is important.
     (Mempelajari bahasa Inggris adalah penting.)

2. Sebagai Objek Verba
   Banyak kata kerja membutuhkan infinitive sebagai objek.

   • Contoh:
     I want to go home.
     (Saya ingin pulang.)

3. Setelah Kata Sifat (Adjektiva)
   Infinitive juga sering digunakan setelah adjektiva untuk menjelaskan lebih lanjut.

   • Contoh:
     I am happy to help you.
     (Saya senang membantu Anda.)

4. Untuk Menyatakan Tujuan
   Infinitive sering digunakan untuk menyatakan tujuan atau alasan tindakan.

   • Contoh:
     She goes to the gym to exercise.
     (Dia pergi ke gym untuk berolahraga.)

5. Setelah "Question Words" (kata tanya)
   Infinitive dapat digunakan setelah kata tanya seperti what, where, how, when, who, why.

   • Contoh:
     I don’t know what to do.
     (Saya tidak tahu apa yang harus dilakukan.)

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Struktur Kalimat dengan Infinitive:

1. Subjek + Verb + to + Verb 1 + (Object/Complement)

   • Contoh:
     • I want to learn Spanish.
     • They plan to visit Paris next year.

2. It + is + Adjective + to + Verb 1

   • Contoh:
     • It is difficult to understand.
     • It is easy to make a mistake.

3. Verb + Object + to + Verb 1

   • Contoh:
     • I told her to stay calm.
     • He asked me to help him.

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Contoh Narasi dengan Infinitive:

My Plan for the Weekend

This weekend, I plan to go to the beach with my family. We hope to relax and to enjoy the sunshine. My brother wants to swim in the ocean, while I prefer to sit under the shade and read a book. My parents plan to take a walk along the shore and maybe to have a picnic. We’re also excited to watch the sunset in the evening. Overall, this weekend is going to be a perfect time to unwind and to bond as a family.

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Contoh Dialog dengan Infinitive:

• John: What are you planning to do this weekend?
• Sarah: I plan to visit my grandparents. How about you?
• John: I want to go hiking in the mountains. Would you like to join me next time?
• Sarah: That sounds fun! I would love to join you.

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15 Soal Latihan tentang Infinitive (Melengkapi Kalimat dan Dialog):

1. She wants ___ (to visit) her grandmother next week.
a. to visit
b. visiting
c. visits

2. It is important ___ (to study) for the exam.
a. study
b. to study
c. studies

3. He asked me ___ (to help) him with his homework.
a. helping
b. to help
c. help

4. I need ___ (to buy) a new pair of shoes.
a. to buy
b. buying
c. bought

5. They plan ___ (to go) on vacation next month.
a. to go
b. going
c. goes

6. I’m trying ___ (to learn) how to cook.
a. to learning
b. to learn
c. learn

7. We were happy ___ (to see) you at the party.
a. see
b. to see
c. seeing

8. I told him ___ (to stop) making noise.
a. to stop
b. stopping
c. stop

9. She decided ___ (to stay) at home instead of going out.
a. to stay
b. staying
c. stays

10. The teacher reminded us ___ (to submit) the assignment on time.
a. submitting
b. to submit
c. submit

11. I forgot ___ (to call) my friend yesterday.
a. calling
b. to call
c. called

12. He offered ___ (to help) me carry the boxes.
a. helping
b. help
c. to help

13. I would like ___ (to travel) to Japan someday.
a. travel
b. to travel
c. traveling

14. She was excited ___ (to start) her new job.
a. starting
b. to start
c. started

15. We are planning ___ (to move) to a new house next year.
a. to move
b. moving
c. moves