Pengertian:
Perfect tenses adalah bentuk kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu tindakan telah selesai atau masih memiliki dampak pada waktu tertentu. Terdapat tiga jenis utama perfect tenses: Present Perfect, Past Perfect, dan Future Perfect. Ketiganya digunakan untuk menyatakan urutan waktu dalam suatu peristiwa, apakah itu telah terjadi di masa lalu, baru saja selesai, atau akan selesai di masa depan.
1. Present Perfect
Pengertian:
Present Perfect digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu tindakan telah selesai pada suatu waktu sebelum sekarang, tetapi waktu pastinya tidak disebutkan, atau tindakan tersebut masih memiliki hubungan dengan sekarang.
Struktur:
- Subjek + have/has + past participle (Verb 3)
Contoh:
- "I have finished my homework." (Saya sudah menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah saya.)
- "She has visited France several times." (Dia sudah beberapa kali mengunjungi Prancis.)
Penggunaan:
- Menyatakan tindakan yang telah selesai tetapi waktu spesifiknya tidak penting.
- Contoh: "They have moved to a new house."
- Menyatakan pengalaman yang terjadi di waktu yang tidak spesifik.
- Contoh: "I have never been to Japan."
- Menyatakan hasil dari tindakan yang masih relevan hingga saat ini.
- Contoh: "I have just eaten, so I am not hungry."
2. Past Perfect
Pengertian:
Past Perfect digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan yang telah selesai sebelum tindakan lain di masa lalu.
Struktur:
- Subjek + had + past participle (Verb 3)
Contoh:
- "I had eaten dinner before they arrived." (Saya sudah makan malam sebelum mereka tiba.)
- "She had finished the project before the deadline." (Dia sudah menyelesaikan proyek sebelum tenggat waktu.)
Penggunaan:
- Digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua peristiwa di masa lalu, di mana satu peristiwa terjadi lebih dulu.
- Contoh: "By the time I arrived, they had left."
3. Future Perfect
Pengertian:
Future Perfect digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan yang akan selesai pada suatu waktu di masa depan.
Struktur:
- Subjek + will have + past participle (Verb 3)
Contoh:
- "By next month, I will have finished this course." (Pada bulan depan, saya akan sudah menyelesaikan kursus ini.)
- "They will have arrived by 10 PM." (Mereka akan tiba sebelum pukul 10 malam.)
Penggunaan:
- Menyatakan tindakan yang akan selesai pada waktu tertentu di masa depan.
- Contoh: "I will have completed the assignment by tomorrow."
Contoh Narasi:
"Last weekend, Anna realized she had forgotten to finish her project. She had planned to do it on Friday, but she had gone out with her friends instead. By the time she remembered, it was already too late. Now, she is worried because the deadline is tomorrow. If she doesn't complete it tonight, she will have failed the course. She has already asked her teacher for an extension, but she hasn’t received a reply yet. Anna hopes that by the time she wakes up tomorrow, the teacher will have replied to her request."
Contoh Dialog:
Anna: "Have you ever missed a deadline before?"
John: "Yes, I have missed one before, but it wasn’t as serious as this."
Anna: "I had forgotten to work on my project until last night! Now, I’m rushing to finish it."
John: "What are you going to do? The deadline is tomorrow!"
Anna: "I have asked the teacher for an extension. I hope she replies soon."
John: "Hopefully, by tomorrow, you will have finished everything."
25 Soal Perfect Tenses
Soal 1-10: Melengkapi Dialog
A: "Have you ever __________ (be) to Europe?"
B: "Yes, I __________ (visit) Paris last year."A: "By next year, we __________ (complete) our studies."
B: "Yes, we __________ (graduate) and start working."A: "He had already __________ (leave) when I arrived at the party."
B: "That’s too bad! I wanted to talk to him."A: "I __________ (never/see) such a beautiful sunset before."
B: "Me neither! It’s amazing."A: "By the time the movie ends, we __________ (watch) five movies today!"
B: "Wow, that’s a lot of movies!"A: "She __________ (finish) her homework before the teacher asked for it."
B: "She’s always so responsible."A: "They __________ (live) in this house for ten years now."
B: "Really? It doesn’t look that old."A: "By the time the sun rises, I __________ (already/pack) my bags."
B: "That’s great! You’re always prepared."A: "I __________ (never/try) sushi before."
B: "You should! It’s really good."A: "When I got home, I realized I __________ (forget) my keys at the office."
B: "That’s unfortunate! Did you have to go back?"
Soal 11-15: Melengkapi Narasi
Before he moved to London, he __________ (work) in Paris for five years.
By the time we finish this project, we __________ (spend) six months working on it.
They __________ (already/leave) by the time the concert started.
I __________ (never/meet) someone so talented before I met her.
By 2025, she __________ (complete) her master's degree.
Soal 16-25: Teks Uraian
Jelaskan perbedaan antara Present Perfect dan Past Perfect.
Buatlah satu kalimat dengan Future Perfect yang menggambarkan rencana masa depan.
Lengkapi kalimat ini:
"By the time you arrive, I __________ (already/clean) the house."Tulislah sebuah dialog singkat yang menggunakan Present Perfect dan Past Perfect.
Apa fungsi utama dari Future Perfect Tense? Berikan satu contoh kalimat.
Buatlah kalimat yang menggunakan Present Perfect untuk menyatakan pengalaman yang sudah terjadi tanpa waktu spesifik.
Buatlah sebuah cerita pendek yang menggunakan Past Perfect untuk menyatakan dua peristiwa yang terjadi di masa lalu.
Jelaskan kapan kita menggunakan Past Perfect dalam sebuah narasi.
Tulislah sebuah kalimat dengan Future Perfect yang menyatakan suatu tindakan yang akan selesai sebelum waktu tertentu.
Bagaimana cara membedakan penggunaan Present Perfect dan Simple Past? Jelaskan dan beri contoh.
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