Conditional Sentence

 

Conditional Sentences

Pengertian: Conditional sentences adalah kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kondisi yang akan menghasilkan konsekuensi tertentu. Ada empat tipe utama conditional sentences, yaitu zero conditional, first conditional, second conditional, dan third conditional, yang masing-masing memiliki struktur dan penggunaan berbeda tergantung pada situasi yang sedang dibicarakan (nyata, mungkin terjadi, atau tidak mungkin terjadi).

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Struktur:

1. Zero Conditional

   • Fungsi: Menyatakan fakta umum atau sesuatu yang selalu benar.
   • Struktur:
     If + Present Simple, Present Simple
   • Contoh:
     • "If you heat water, it boils." (Jika kamu memanaskan air, air akan mendidih.)
     • "If it rains, the ground gets wet." (Jika hujan turun, tanah akan basah.)

2. First Conditional

   • Fungsi: Menyatakan kemungkinan yang akan terjadi di masa depan jika kondisi tertentu terpenuhi.
   • Struktur:
     If + Present Simple, will + Verb (bare infinitive)
   • Contoh:
     • "If it rains tomorrow, I will stay home." (Jika besok hujan, saya akan tinggal di rumah.)
     • "If you study hard, you will pass the exam." (Jika kamu belajar dengan giat, kamu akan lulus ujian.)

3. Second Conditional

   • Fungsi: Menyatakan kondisi yang tidak mungkin terjadi di masa sekarang atau masa depan (imajinasi).
   • Struktur:
     If + Past Simple, would + Verb (bare infinitive)
   • Contoh:
     • "If I had a million dollars, I would buy a house." (Jika saya punya satu juta dolar, saya akan membeli rumah.)
     • "If she were here, she would help us." (Jika dia ada di sini, dia akan membantu kita.)

4. Third Conditional

   • Fungsi: Menyatakan sesuatu yang tidak mungkin terjadi karena kondisi sudah berlalu (penyesalan atau spekulasi masa lalu).
   • Struktur:
     If + Past Perfect, would have + Verb (past participle)
   • Contoh:
     • "If I had studied harder, I would have passed the test." (Jika saya belajar lebih giat, saya akan lulus ujian.)
     • "If they had left earlier, they wouldn’t have missed the train." (Jika mereka berangkat lebih awal, mereka tidak akan ketinggalan kereta.)

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Contoh Narasi:

"Yesterday, Sarah and John were talking about their future plans. Sarah said, 'If I study abroad, I will learn a lot of new things.' John agreed and added, 'If I get a scholarship, I will join you.' They also imagined some impossible situations. John said, 'If I were the president, I would change the education system.' Sarah laughed and said, 'If I were rich, I would travel the world.' They both knew these were just dreams, but it was fun to imagine. Then, Sarah thought about a past regret, 'If I had known about the opportunity earlier, I would have applied for that scholarship.' John nodded and replied, 'If I had worked harder last year, I would have been more prepared for it.' They both realized that sometimes opportunities pass by, but there’s always a chance to make better decisions in the future."

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Contoh Dialog:

Sarah: "What will you do if it rains tomorrow?"

John: "If it rains, I will stay home and watch movies. How about you?"

Sarah: "If the weather is nice, I will go for a walk in the park. But if it’s too cold, I might stay home too."

John: "That sounds like a plan. What would you do if you could go anywhere in the world?"

Sarah: "If I could go anywhere, I would visit Japan. I’ve always wanted to see the cherry blossoms."

John: "That’s a great choice! If I were rich, I would buy a house by the beach."

Sarah: "If only! But, if we work hard, maybe one day we’ll achieve our dreams."

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15 Soal Conditional Sentences

Soal 1-5: Melengkapi Dialog

1. A: "What will you do if you __________ (pass) the exam?"
   B: "If I pass the exam, I __________ (celebrate) with my friends."

2. A: "If it __________ (rain) tomorrow, what will you do?"
   B: "If it rains, I __________ (stay) at home and read a book."

3. A: "If you __________ (have) more time, what would you do?"
   B: "If I had more time, I __________ (learn) a new language."

4. A: "What would you do if you __________ (win) the lottery?"
   B: "If I won the lottery, I __________ (buy) a new house."

5. A: "If I __________ (know) about the meeting earlier, I would have attended."
   B: "Yeah, I would have gone too if I __________ (receive) the invitation on time."

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Soal 6-10: Melengkapi Narasi

6. If Sarah __________ (study) harder, she would have gotten better grades last semester.

7. If John __________ (save) more money, he would go on vacation this year.

8. If it __________ (not rain) yesterday, we would have had a picnic in the park.

9. If they __________ (arrive) on time, they would have caught the bus.

10. If I __________ (not forget) my umbrella, I wouldn’t have gotten wet in the rain.

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Soal 11-15: Teks Uraian

11. What will you do if you have a day off tomorrow?

12. If you could travel anywhere in the world, where would you go? Why?

13. Describe what you would do if you had a million dollars.

14. If you had studied more in high school, how do you think your life would be different now?

15. Write about a time when you missed an opportunity. How would things have been different if you had made a different choice?