Tenses (Penjelasannya dalam Time Frame)

Grammar dalam Time Frame adalah cara memahami bagaimana berbagai tenses digunakan untuk menggambarkan waktu atau periode suatu peristiwa terjadi. Time frame mencakup masa lampau, sekarang, dan masa depan. Setiap tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan kejadian atau aktivitas dalam salah satu time frame ini. Berikut penjelasan bagaimana tense berfungsi dalam kerangka waktu yang berbeda:

1. Past Time Frame (Masa Lampau)

Ini merujuk pada kejadian atau aktivitas yang sudah terjadi.

• Simple Past Tense: Menyatakan tindakan yang selesai pada waktu tertentu di masa lalu.

  • I went to the beach yesterday.

• Past Continuous Tense: Menyatakan tindakan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu tertentu di masa lalu.

  • I was studying when she called.

• Past Perfect Tense: Menyatakan tindakan yang sudah selesai sebelum tindakan lain di masa lalu.

  • I had finished my homework before I watched TV.

• Past Perfect Continuous Tense: Menyatakan tindakan yang sudah berlangsung selama periode tertentu dan selesai sebelum tindakan lain di masa lalu.

  • I had been studying for two hours when my friend arrived.

---

2. Present Time Frame (Masa Sekarang)

Ini merujuk pada kejadian atau aktivitas yang terjadi sekarang, berulang, atau umum.

• Simple Present Tense: Menyatakan fakta, kebiasaan, atau kejadian berulang.

  • She works every day.

• Present Continuous Tense: Menyatakan tindakan yang sedang berlangsung saat ini.

  • I am reading a book right now.

• Present Perfect Tense: Menyatakan tindakan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih relevan atau memiliki akibat di masa sekarang.

  • I have lived in this city for five years.

• Present Perfect Continuous Tense: Menyatakan tindakan yang dimulai di masa lalu, masih berlangsung, dan mungkin berlanjut di masa depan.

  • I have been working here since 2018.

---

3. Future Time Frame (Masa Depan)

Ini merujuk pada kejadian atau aktivitas yang akan terjadi di masa depan.

• Simple Future Tense: Menyatakan tindakan yang akan terjadi di masa depan.

  • I will go to the concert tomorrow.

• Future Continuous Tense: Menyatakan tindakan yang akan sedang berlangsung pada waktu tertentu di masa depan.

  • This time tomorrow, I will be traveling to Bali.

• Future Perfect Tense: Menyatakan tindakan yang akan selesai sebelum waktu tertentu di masa depan.

  • By next year, I will have graduated from school.

• Future Perfect Continuous Tense: Menyatakan tindakan yang akan sudah berlangsung selama periode tertentu sebelum waktu tertentu di masa depan.

  • By 2025, I will have been working here for ten years.

---

Time Frame dalam Diagram:

plaintext
    PAST                             PRESENT                     FUTURE
 ┌────────────┬─────────────┬────────────┬────────────┬─────────────┬────────────┐
 │ Past       │ Past        │ Present    │ Present    │ Future      │ Future     │
 │ Perfect    │ Continuous  │ Perfect    │ Continuous │ Perfect     │ Continuous │
 └────────────┴─────────────┴────────────┴────────────┴─────────────┴────────────┘

Waktu Lampau (Past):

• Simple Past: Selesai di masa lampau (Yesterday I went to school).
• Past Continuous: Sedang terjadi di masa lampau (I was reading when she called).
• Past Perfect: Selesai sebelum kejadian lain di masa lampau (I had eaten before they arrived).
• Past Perfect Continuous: Sedang berlangsung sebelum tindakan lain di masa lampau (I had been reading for an hour before dinner).

Waktu Sekarang (Present):

• Simple Present: Kebiasaan atau kebenaran umum (She drinks coffee every morning).
• Present Continuous: Sedang terjadi saat ini (I am studying right now).
• Present Perfect: Dimulai di masa lalu, masih relevan di masa kini (She has lived here for five years).
• Present Perfect Continuous: Sedang berlangsung sejak masa lalu (I have been waiting for you for an hour).

Waktu Depan (Future):

• Simple Future: Akan terjadi di masa depan (I will travel to Japan next year).
• Future Continuous: Sedang berlangsung di waktu tertentu di masa depan (This time tomorrow, I will be working).
• Future Perfect: Akan selesai sebelum kejadian lain di masa depan (I will have finished the project by next week).
• Future Perfect Continuous: Sedang berlangsung sampai waktu tertentu di masa depan (By next year, I will have been working here for 10 years).

---

Time Signals untuk Masing-masing Tense:

1. Past Tense:

   • Yesterday, last week, two years ago, in 1990.

2. Present Tense:

   • Every day, always, usually, now, at the moment.

3. Future Tense:

   • Tomorrow, next week, in 2025, soon, in a few days.

Dengan memahami bagaimana grammar bekerja dalam kerangka waktu, kita dapat menggunakan tenses yang sesuai untuk menggambarkan tindakan di masa lampau, sekarang, dan masa depan.

Latihan Soal Tenses:

1. She ___ to the gym every morning.
a. go
b. goes
c. went
d. going

2. Right now, they ___ football in the park.
a. play
b. plays
c. are playing
d. played

3. Yesterday, we ___ a movie at the cinema.
a. watch
b. are watching
c. watched
d. watches

4. By next week, she ___ the project.
a. finishes
b. will finish
c. finished
d. will have finished

5. I ___ a book when you called me last night.
a. read
b. was reading
c. am reading
d. reading

6. They ___ to Paris last year.
a. travel
b. traveled
c. are traveling
d. will travel

7. We ___ to the mall tomorrow afternoon.
a. went
b. will go
c. go
d. are going

8. The teacher ___ the test results next Monday.
a. will announce
b. announces
c. announced
d. announce

9. She usually ___ coffee in the morning.
a. drink
b. drinks
c. drank
d. is drinking

10. At this time tomorrow, I ___ on a plane to Bali.
a. will be sitting
b. sit
c. sat
d. am sitting

11. He ___ his homework before he went to bed last night.
a. finish
b. finishes
c. had finished
d. was finishing

12. They ___ soccer when it started to rain.
a. are playing
b. were playing
c. played
d. will play

13. My friends ___ me a surprise birthday party last week.
a. give
b. are giving
c. gave
d. gives

14. The sun ___ in the east.
a. rise
b. rises
c. rose
d. is rising

15. I ___ here for three hours.
a. am waiting
b. have been waiting
c. was waiting
d. wait